Design And Development Of An Internet Of Things (Iot)-Based Automatic Transfer Switch (Ats) Monitoring System Using An Expert System Approach For Electrical Energy Backup
Keywords:
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS), Expert System, Fuzzy Logic, Internet of Things (IoT), Real-Time MonitoringAbstract
Electrical energy is a fundamental requirement that must be continuously available, particularly in critical facilities. This study proposes and develops an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) monitoring system incorporating expert system principles for backup power management. The system consists of an ESP32 microcontroller, ZMPT101B voltage sensor, PZEM-004T power meter, DC voltage sensor, relay module, SIM900A GSM module, inverter, LCD, and a 12 V 35 Ah battery. When the utility power (PLN) fails, the power source is automatically transferred to the battery and switches back to the utility supply once normal conditions are restored. The ATS operating status can be monitored in real time through the Blynk platform with notification support. The developed system adopts expert system principles implemented using the Mamdani fuzzy inference method in the MATLAB R2018b Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), with input parameters consisting of utility voltage, battery capacity, and load condition. The inference results are used to determine the ATS power source status. Experimental testing conducted at the Instrumentation and Control Laboratory, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, demonstrated that the proposed system operates effectively. The measurement errors were 0.45% for the ZMPT101B voltage sensor, 0.24% for the DC voltage sensor, and 0.45%, 3.7%, and 0.91% for the PZEM-004T in voltage, current, and power measurements, respectively. The ATS successfully transferred the power source within 3 seconds while maintaining an inverter output voltage of 217–232 VAC. The 12 V 35 Ah battery was able to supply a 50 W load for 3 hours and 30 minutes. MATLAB simulation produced a crisp output value of 1.86, indicating that the load was supplied by the battery.
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