Design and Development of an Air Quality Monitoring System with PM10, PM2.5, CO, Temperature, and Humidity Detection Based on Long Range (LoRa)
Keywords:
Air quality, Blynk, ISPU, LoRa, monitoring, PM2.5, PM10Abstract
Air pollution can adversely affect human health, creating a need for a monitoring system that can provide information on ambient air quality in open environments. This study aimed to design, develop, and test a Long Range (LoRa)-based air quality monitoring system capable of measuring PM2.5, PM10, estimated carbon monoxide (CO), temperature, and humidity, while also presenting air-quality categories according to the Indonesian Air Pollution Standard Index (ISPU). The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the V-Model. An Arduino Uno R3 was used as the transmitter controller and an ESP32 as the receiver controller. The measurement subsystem consisted of a ZH03B particulate-matter sensor, an MQ135 gas sensor, and a DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, while an E32-900T20D module provided wireless communication. After calibration, the average measurement errors were 5.01% for PM2.5, 4.35% for PM10, 19.4% for estimated CO, 0.42% for temperature, and 0.98% for humidity. LoRa communication successfully transmitted data up to 1.4 km in a rooftop-to-rooftop scenario under Non-Line of Sight (NLoS) conditions. The calculated ISPU values ranged from 56 to 68, placing all observations in the Moderate category. The system was able to display measurements on a 20×4 LCD and the Blynk application and to transmit data through LoRa in real time.
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